Myeloproliferative neoplasm
Disease information
Overview
Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) is a condition characterized by the abnormal proliferation of multiple types of blood cells, such as erythrocytes (red blood cells), platelets, and certain types of leukocytes (white blood cells). It is important to note that MPN is not a single disease, but rather a group of disorders that share common features. It is possible for one type of MPN to transform or progress into another type of MPN. MPNs generally develop slowly over an extended period of time.
The following disorders are included under the category of myeloproliferative neoplasm :
- Polycythemia vera(PV) It is a disease that features of abnormal blood generation growth.
- Essential Thrombocythemia(ET) It is a disease characterized by an increase in the number of peripheral blood platelets and hyperproliferation of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.
- Primary Myelofibrosis(PMF) It is a disease in which abnormal fibers in the bone marrow increase, causing impairment of normal hematopoietic function.
The following disorders are also included in myeloproliferative neoplasm.
- Chronic neutrophilic leukemia(CNL)
- Chronic eosinophilic leukemia(CEL)
- Juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia(JMML)
- Myeloproliferative neoplasm, not otherwise specified(MPN-U)
In addition to these disorders, myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms that demonstrate similar characteristics to myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as eosinophilia and mutations in tyrosine kinase genes, are also considered within the broader spectrum of myeloproliferative neoplasms.
- PDGFRA Re-arranged marrow/lymphatic system tumors.
- PDGFRB Re-arranged marrow/lymphatic system tumors.
- FGFR1 Re-arranged marrow/lymphatic system tumors.
- JAK2 Re-arranged marrow/lymphatic system tumors.
- FLT3 Re-arranged marrow/lymphatic system tumors.
- ETV6::ABL1 Re-arranged marrow/lymphatic system tumors.
Causes and Symptoms
The precise origins of the disease are not fully understood, but it is known that genetic mutations can occur in hematopoietic stem cells. These stem cells are responsible for producing all types of blood cells, including leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. These mutations can be caused by environmental factors or errors in cell division.
While cases of myeloproliferative tumors such as polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytopenia, and myelofibrosis have been reported to occur in multiple family members, they are generally not inherited diseases. In other words, they arise from acquired genetic mutations rather than being passed down through generations.
Treatment
The treatment and progress of each disease can be found on the disease guidance page.